Through Doppler shift measurements at each location, the authors created a map of the line-of-sight speed together with the pictured brightness map. The good spectral resolution ( R ≈ 8,000) allows sampling of the band at 311 wavelengths, and thanks to the unprecedented spatial resolution of 5.1 × 5.4 mas, the authors could extract a full spectrum from approximately 100 different locations on the star’s surface and atmosphere. The pictured map is a reconstruction of Antares’s surface from VLTI data obtained around the CO band at ~2.3 μm. It is one archetype of red supergiants, a post-main sequence evolutionary state of massive stars (10–30 M ☉). Antares is one of the most recognizable stars of the sky due to its brightness and red colour - so much so that it rivals the other red dot in our sky, Mars (hence its name, ‘anti-Ares’, Ares being the Greek name for Mars).
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